{"id":11782,"date":"2013-02-08T10:00:02","date_gmt":"2013-02-08T12:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.funverde.org.br\/blog\/?p=11782"},"modified":"2013-02-08T10:00:02","modified_gmt":"2013-02-08T12:00:02","slug":"nearly-half-of-all-us-farms-now-have-superweeds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.funverde.org.br\/blog\/nearly-half-of-all-us-farms-now-have-superweeds\/","title":{"rendered":"Nearly Half of All US Farms Now Have Superweeds"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cerca de metade dos produtores dos EUA enfrenta superervas<\/strong><\/p>\n

Plantas espont\u00e2neas resistentes ao Roundup infestaram 24 milh\u00f5es de hectares em 2012, 50% a mais do que em 2011<\/strong><\/p>\n

Last year\u2019s drought<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong> [1] took a big bite out of the two most prodigious US crops, corn and soy. But it apparently didn\u2019t slow down the spread of weeds that have developed resistance to Monsanto\u2019s herbicide Roundup (glyphosate), used on crops engineered by Monsanto to resist it. More than 70 percent<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong> [2] of all the the corn, soy, and cotton grown in the US is now genetically modified to withstand glyphosate.<\/p>\n

Back in 2011, such weeds were already spreading fast. \u201cMonsanto\u2019s \u2018Superweeds\u2019 Gallop Through Midwest,\u201d declared the headline of a post<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong> [3] I wrote then. What\u2019s the word you use when an already-galloping horse speeds up? Because that\u2019s what\u2019s happening. Let\u2019s try this: \u201cMonsanto\u2019s \u2018Superweeds\u2019 Stampede Through Midwest.\u201d<\/p>\n

That pretty much describes the situation last year, according to a new report<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong> [4]from the agribusiness research consultancy Stratus<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong> [5]. Since the 2010 growing season, the group has been polling \u201cthousands of US farmers\u201d across 31 states about herbicide resistance. Here\u2019s what they found in the 2012 season:<\/p>\n

Superweeds: First they gallop, then they roar. Graph: Stratus
\n\u2022 Nearly half (49 percent) of all US farmers surveyed said they have glyphosate-resistant weeds on their farm in 2012, up from 34 percent of farmers in 2011.
\n\u2022 Resistance is still worst in the South. For example, 92 percent of growers in Georgia said they have glyphosate-resistant weeds.
\n\u2022 But the mid-South and Midwest states are catching up. From 2011 to 2012 the acres with resistance almost doubled in Nebraska, Iowa, and Indiana.
\n\u2022 It\u2019s spreading at a faster pace each year: Total resistant acres increased by 25 percent in 2011 and 51 percent in 2012.
\n\u2022 And the problem is getting more complicated. More and more farms have at least two resistant species on their farm. In 2010 that was just 12 percent of farms, but two short years later 27 percent had more than one.<\/p>\n

So where do farmers go from here? Well, Monsanto and its peers would like them to try out \u201cnext generation\u201d herbicide-resistant seeds\u2014that is, crops engineered to resist not just Roundup, but also other, more toxic herbicides, like 2,4-D and Dicamba. Trouble is, such an escalation in the chemical war on weeds will likely only lead to more prolific, and more super, superweeds, along with a sharp increase in herbicide use. That\u2019s the message of a peer-reviewed 2011 paper<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong> [6] by a team of Penn State University researchers led by David A. Mortensen. (I discussed their paper in a post<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span> [7] last year.)<\/p>\n

And such novel seeds won\u2019t be available in the 2013 growing season anyway. None have made it through the US Department of Agriculture\u2019s registration process. The USDA was widely expected to award final approval on Dow\u2019s 2,4-D\/Roundup-resistant corn during the Christmas break, but didn\u2019t. The agency hasn\u2019t stated the reason it hasn\u2019t decided on the product, known as Enlist, but the nondecision effectively delays its introduction until 2014 at the earliest, as Dow acknowledged last month. Reuters reporter Carey Gillam noted<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong> [8] that the USDA\u2019 delay comes amid \u201copposition from farmers, consumers and public health officials\u201d to the new product, and that these opponents have \u201cbombarded Dow and US regulators with an array of concerns\u201d about it.<\/p>\n

So industrial-scale corn and soy farmers will likely have to muddle along, responding in the same way that they have been for years, which is by upping their herbicide use in hopes of controlling the rogue weeds, as Washington State University\u2019s Charles Benbrook showed in a recent paper<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong> [9] (my post on it here<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span> [10]). That means significant economic losses for farmers\u2014according to Penn State\u2019s Mortensen, grappling with glyphosate resistance was already costing farmers nearly $1 billion per year in 2011<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span> [11]. It will also likely mean a jump in toxic herbicides entering streams, messing with frogs<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong> [12]and polluting people\u2019s drinking water<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span> [13].<\/p>\n

For a good idea of what\u2019s in store, check out this piece in the trade mag Corn & Soy Digest<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong> [14] on \u201cManaging Herbicide-Resistant weeds.\u201d Here\u2019s the key bit\u2014note that \u201cburndown\u201d means a complete flattening of all vegetation in a field with a broad-spectrum herbicide such as paraquat, an infamously toxic weed killer<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span> [15] that\u2019s been banned in 32 countries, including those of the European Union:<\/p>\n

For those with a known resistance problem, it\u2019s not uncommon to see them use a fall burndown plus a residual herbicide, a spring burndown before planting, another at planting including another residual herbicide, and two or more in-season herbicide applications. \u201cIf you can catch the resistant weeds early enough, paraquat does a good job of controlling them. But once Palmer amaranth [a common glyphosate-tolerant weed] gets 6 ft. tall, you can\u2019t put on enough paraquat to kill it,\u201d [one weed-control expert] says.<\/p>\n

But of course there\u2019s another way. In a 2012 study<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span> [16] I\u2019ll never tire of citing, Iowa State University researchers found that if farmers simply diversified their crop rotations, which typically consist of corn one year and soy the next, year after year, to include a \u201csmall grain\u201d crop (e.g. oats) as well as offseason cover crops, weeds (including Roundup-resistant ones) can be suppressed with dramatically less fertilizer use\u2014a factor of between 6 and 10 less. And much less herbicide means much less poison entering streams\u2014\u201dpotential aquatic toxicity was 200 times less in the longer rotations\u201d than in the regular corn-soy regime, the study authors note<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span> [17]. So, despite what the seed giants and the conventional weed specialists insist, there are other ways to respond to the accelerating scourge of \u201csuperweeds\u201d than throwing more\u2014and ever-more toxic\u2014chemicals at them.<\/p>\n[1] http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/tom-philpott\/2012\/07\/what-organic-ag-teaches-us-about-feeding-ourselves-while-planet-heats<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[2] http:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/adoption-of-genetically-engineered-crops-in-the-us\/recent-trends-in-ge-adoption.aspx<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[3] http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/tom-philpott\/2011\/07\/monsanto-superweeds-roundup<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[4] http:\/\/www.stratusresearch.com\/blog07.htm<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[5] http:\/\/www.stratusresearch.com\/about.htm<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[6] http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/discover\/10.1525\/bio.2012.62.1.12?uid=3739920&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21101616437153<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[7] http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/tom-philpott\/2012\/01\/dows-new-gmo-seed-puts-us-agriculture-crossroads<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[8] http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2013\/01\/18\/dow-biotech-idUSL1E9CIBN320130118<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[9] http:\/\/www.enveurope.com\/content\/24\/1\/24\/abstract<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[10] http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/tom-philpott\/2012\/10\/how-gmos-ramped-us-pesticide-use<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[11] http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2011\/09\/20\/us-monsanto-superweeds-idUSTRE78J3TN20110920<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[12] http:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2010\/03\/100301151927.htm<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[13] http:\/\/www.nrdc.org\/health\/atrazine\/<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[14] http:\/\/cornandsoybeandigest.com\/crop-chemicals\/managing-herbicide-resistant-weeds<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[15] http:\/\/www.panna.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Paraquat%20monograph%20final%202011-1.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[16] http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0047149<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n[17] http:\/\/www.leopold.iastate.edu\/news\/10-11-2012\/benefits-of-longer-rotations<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Fonte – Tom philpott, Mother Jones de 06 de fevereiro de 2013<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cerca de metade dos produtores dos EUA enfrenta superervas Plantas espont\u00e2neas resistentes ao Roundup infestaram 24 milh\u00f5es de hectares em 2012, 50% a mais do que em 2011 Last year\u2019s drought [1] took a big bite out of the two most prodigious US crops, corn and soy. But it apparently didn\u2019t slow down the spread…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[5,90,72],"post_series":[],"class_list":["post-11782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ambiente-ambiental-environment-environmental-meio-ambiente","tag-agricultura","tag-ambiente-ambiental-environment-environmental-meio-ambiente","tag-transgenico-ogmgmo","entry","no-media"],"yoast_head":"\nNearly Half of All US Farms Now Have Superweeds - FUNVERDE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.funverde.org.br\/blog\/nearly-half-of-all-us-farms-now-have-superweeds\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nearly Half of All US Farms Now Have Superweeds - FUNVERDE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cerca de metade dos produtores dos EUA enfrenta superervas Plantas espont\u00e2neas resistentes ao Roundup infestaram 24 milh\u00f5es de hectares em 2012, 50% a mais do que em 2011 Last year\u2019s drought [1] took a big bite out of the two most prodigious US crops, corn and soy. 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